2008第4期

　　（总第37期）

　　上海市行政法制研究所译审外事室主办 2008年12月 20日出版

　　目 录

　　[译文规范]

　　关于“依法”according to law是否需加冠词或复数s的统一 1

　　法规颁布令中“令号、何次会议、通过时间”顺序先后的统一 1

　　公报翻译中“已经市政府同意”和“于某年某月某日经市人大通过”

　　时态的统一 2

　　“上海市人民政府”英译时前面是否加定冠词the的统一 2

　　“上海市人民政府批转关于......的通知”中“关于”一词的统一 2

　　[专家论坛]

　　中华人民共和国《民法通则》AAA英译本比较评析 3

　　法规翻译笔记（1） 12

　　[译苑撷英]

　　獬豸 16

　　青岛市城市市容和环境卫生管理办法（节选） 16

　　[译文规范]

　　1. 关于“依法”according to law是否需加冠词或复数s的统一

　　自2008年某时起，我们译审外事室讨论通过将多少年来贯用的according to law“完善”成according to laws或according to the law。

　　通过一段时间的实践，结合对国务院法制办译审外事司汇编的“中华人民共和国法律法规汉英对照词语手册”和几部权威词典的阅读，以及有关专家的意见，对according to law中的“law”一词进行了重新认识：

　　此处的law为不可数名词，有时在law前加定冠词the特指“一国的法律”（the whole body of such rules in a country）。

　　现将“依法”的英译规范为：according to law或according to the law，譬如，“依法追究刑事责任”的英译为：criminal responsibilities shall be investigated according to law; “依法改判”译为：judgment shall be mended according to the law。

　　另，此译法亦适用于类似表述的英译，如：in accordance with law等。

　　2.法规颁布令翻译中“令号、何次会议、通过时间”顺序先后的统一

　　在法规的翻译中，经常遇到“几号令于何时在何次会议上通过”的翻译，常见的译文将“令号、何次会议、通过时间“的先后顺序进行随意的排列组合。根据国务院法制办译审外事司汇编的“中华人民共和国法律法规汉英对照词语手册”和“法规译审常用句式手册”，现决定按英语语言表达顺序的习惯，统一为先译令号或何次会议，最后是时间。如，“2002年11月18日上海市人民政府令第127号发布，”译为：Promulgated by Decree No. 127 of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government on November 18, 2002；“……由上海市第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第四十四次会议于2002年10月31日通过。”译为：has/have been adopted at the 44th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress on October 31, 2002。

　　3. 公报翻译中“……已经市政府同意”和“……于某年某月某日经市人大通过”时态的统一

　　没有明确具体的日期，宜译成现在完成时，如：“……已经市政府同意，现转发给你们，请按照执行。”译为：…has/have been approved by the Municipal Government. We hereby transmit to you and request you to implement them；倘明确具体日期，应译成过去式，如：“已由上海市人民代表大会常务委员会于2002年10月31日通过，现予公布。”译为：…was/were adopted by Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress on October 31, 2002, and are hereby promulgated。

　　4. “上海市人民政府”英译时前面是否加定冠词the的统一

　　在规范性文件的翻译中，“上海市人民政府”通常的英译为：the Municipal Government, the Municipal People’s Government, (the) Shanghai Municipal People’s Government. 根据有关专家的意见，当译全称时，Shanghai前不加定冠词the，现将“上海市人民政府”全称的英译规范成：Shanghai Municipal People’s Government。

　　另，此规范亦适用于其他机构全称的英译，即译全称时勿需加定冠词the。

　　5. “上海市人民政府批转关于……的通知” 中“关于”一词的统一

　　上述“关于” 一词在2006年前的翻译均采用与英文字面相对应的词about表达，后经专家建议，采用意义层面上相对应的词on表达，因为在英文中about意为泛泛地关于什么，on意为特指关于什么。建议根据专家意见将此处的“关于”统一规范为“on”，如：“上海市人民政府批转……关于促进本市林业建设的通知”规范为：Notice of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government on Approving and Transmitting the “Promoting Construction of This Municipality’s Forestry”。

　　[专家论坛]

　　本栏目专门刊登专家的翻译心得、体会及研究成果，旨在为法规、规章翻译的研究提供一个相互交流、探讨的园地。

　　本栏目热忱欢迎各位翻译和译审专家的来稿，稿酬从优。

　　（接总第35期）

　　中华人民共和国《民法通则》AAA英译本比较评析

　　陈忠诚

　　原文：第四节　承担民事责任的方式

　　第一百三十四条 承担民事责任的方式主要有：

　　（一）停止侵害；

　　（二）排除妨碍；

　　（三）消除危险；

　　（四）返还财产；

　　（五）恢复原状；

　　（六）修理、重作、更换；

　　（七）赔偿损失；

　　（八）支付违约金；

　　（九）消除影响、恢复名誉；

　　（十）赔礼道歉。

　　以上承担民事责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。

　　人民法院审理民事案件，除适用上述规定外，还可以予以训诫、责令具结悔过、收缴进行非法活动的财物和非法所得，并可以依照法律规定处以罚款、拘留。

　　 译文： Section IV Methods of Bearing Civil Liability

　　Article 134. The main methods of bearing civil liability shall be:

　　(1) Cessation of infringements;

　　(2) Removal of obstacles;

　　(3) Elimination of dangers;

　　(4) Return of property;

　　(5) Restoration of original condition;

　　(6) Repair, reworking or replacement;

　　(7) Compensation for losses;

　　(8) Payment of breach of contract damages;

　　(9) Elimination of ill effects and rehabilitation of reputation; and

　　(10) Extension of apology.

　　The above methods of bearing civil liability may be applied exclusively or concurrently. When hearing civil cases, a people's court, in addition to applying the above stipulations, may serve admonitions, order the offender to sign a pledge of repentance, and confiscate the property used in carrying out illegal activities and the illegal income obtained therefrom. It may also impose fines or detentions as stipulated by law. (LAB)

　　Section 4: Methods of Assuming Civil Liability

　　Article 134. The main methods of assuming civil liability are:

　　(i) stopping the infringement;

　　(ii) removing the obstacle;

　　(iii) eliminating the danger;

　　(iv) returning the property;

　　(v) restoring to original condition or state;

　　(vi) repairing, reconstructing or replacing;

　　(vii) compensating for damage;

　　(viii) making a default payment;

　　(ix) eradicating effects, restoring reputation;

　　(x) making an apology.

　　 The above methods of assuming civil liability may by applied individually or in combination.

　　 When trying a case, the People’s Court may, in addition to applying the above provisions, issue a reprimand, order the signing of a statement of repentance, take possession of the property involved in any illegal activities and of any illegally obtained income and may also impose a fine or detain the person concerned in accordance with the provisions of the law. (CCH)

　　 Section 4: Means of Undertaking Civil Responsibility

　　 Article 134. The principal means of undertaking civil responsibility are:

　　(1) to cease infringement;

　　(2) to remove the impediment;

　　(3) to eliminate the danger;

　　(4) to return the property;

　　(5) to restore to original condition;

　　(6) to repair, to restore or to replace;

　　(7) to compensate for losses;

　　(8) to pay [liquidated] damages;

　　(9) to eliminate the [false] impression, to restore the reputation;

　　(10) to make an apology.

　　The above means of undertaking civil responsibility may be applied individually or in combination. When trying civil cases, the people’s court may-in addition to applying the above provisions, issue a reprimand, order the undertaking of a repentance, confiscate the property used in illegal acts and illegal gains thereby derived, and any-in accordance with the provisions of the law-also impose a fine or detention. (CLR)

　　述评：试以译代评如下，请指正：

　　 Section 4: Forms of Civil Liability

　　 Article 134. The main forms of civil liability are to:

　　(1) stop infringement;

　　(2) remove the obstacle;

　　(3) eliminate the danger;

　　(4) return the property;

　　(5) restore the status quo anto;

　　(6) do one, two, or three, as the case may require, of the following: repair, restore and replace;

　　(7) pay the damages;

　　(8) pay for breach of contract;

　　(9) rehabilitate;

　　(10) apologize.

　　The preceding forms may be taken separately or jointly.

　　In addition to the foregoing, the People’s Court headling the case may subject the wrong-doer to reprimand, signed repentance, deprivation of his property used in the wrong-doing and his unlawful income as well as to fine or detention or both.

　　对上列试译作补充说明如下：

　　甲． 本条为三款条文，故译文也必须保持三款（CLR和LAB译作双款条文是错误的）；

　　乙． 原文“审理”应作包括判决在内的审判活动，因此前引三家译本译作“trying”和“hearing”应该说没有译透。

　　丙． 人民法院之“处以罚款、拘留”在法律制度上能不“依照法律规定”吗？！不能！因此，此乃立法废话，故不译而无损于立法原意。

　　丁． 原文在“罚款”与“拘留”之间只用顿号而既不 用“和（与）”，又不用“或（者）”，使含义模糊不清，殊不足取。“试译”之处理，采取了一种所谓的“极”办法，使译文具有较大的适应性而不背立法原意。

　　戊． 请从前列三译和上列试译中指出精确简练的途径。

　　 原文：第七章 诉讼时效

　　第一百三十五条 向人民法院请求保护民事权利的诉讼时效期间为二年，法律另有规定的除外。

　　 译文：CHAPTER VII Limitation of Action

　　Article 135. Except as otherwise stipulated by law, the limitation of action regarding applications to people's court for protection of civil rights shall be two years. (LAB)

　　Chapter VII—Limitation of Actions

　　Article 135. The period of limitation of actions on a request to the People’s Court for the protection of civil rights is two years, unless otherwise stipulated by the law. (CCH)

　　Chapter Seven: Limitations on Bringing Actions

　　Article 135. The period of limitation on bringing an action in the People’s Courts requesting protection of civil rights is two years, except where the law otherwise provides.

　　述评：（1）本章见于各条的诉讼时效不一，故英语译名以使用复数（CLR）为是，以使用单数为非。

　　（2）“法律另有规定”的“规定”，LAB和CCH作“stipulated”都错了；CLR作“provides”才是对的。

　　（3）CLR和CCH把“为两年”作“is two years”是对的；LAB作“shall be two years”是错的。

　　（4）LAB中的“regarding applications”真是劳民伤词！至少也必须精简为“applying”才是！

　　（5）试译如下，请指正：

　　Chapter Seven: Limitations on Bringing Actions

　　Article 135. The period of limitation on bringing an action in a competent People’s Court for protection of civil rights is two years, unless otherwise provided by the law.

　　原文：第一百三十六条 下列的诉讼时效期间为一年：

　　（一）身体受到伤害要求赔偿的；

　　（二）出售质量不合格的商品未声明的；

　　（三）延付或者拒付租金的；

　　（四）寄存财物被丢失或者损毁的。

　　 译文：Article 136. The limitation of action shall be one year in cases concerning the following:

　　(1) Claims for compensation for bodily injuries;

　　(2) Sales of substandard goods without proper notice to that effect;

　　(3) Delays in paying rent or refusal to pay rent; or

　　(4)Loss of or damage to property left in the care of another person. (LAB)

　　Article 136. In the following cases, the period of limitation of actions shall be one year:

　　（i）demand for compensation for bodily harm;

　　（ii）sale of a substandard item not declared to be such;

　　（iii）delay in or refusal of a payment of rent;

　　（iv）loss of or damage to a deposited article. (CCH)

　　Article 136. The period of limitation for bringing the following actions is one year:

　　(1) actions demanding compensation for bodily injury;

　　(2) actions [arising form] sales of sub-standard merchandise without [full] disclosure;

　　(3) actions [arising from] delay or refusal to pay rent;

　　(4) actions [arising from] loss or damage to property deposited. (CLR)

　　述评：（1）同是“诉讼时效”一语，同是CLR这一个译本，其在135条中译作“the period of limitation on bringing an action”，而其在第136条中却译作“the period of limitation for bringing the (following) action”，介词同一关系竟从不同视角出发而使用了不同的介系词“on”和“for”。自应从同一视角出发，使用同一个介系词：“on”（较“for”要妥帖）。

　　（2）见第135条述评之（3）。

　　（3）本条的原文“下列诉讼”，乍一看可能以CCH译作“in the following cases”为简练，以LAB译作“in cases concerning the following”多了一个“concerning”为不简练。其实，CCH此译对其下4项来说，除第（i）有“demand”一词在为例外外，其余（ii）、（iii）和（iv）三项来说都有语病；而LAB中“多余的”“concerning”却正是为了防止这一语病而精心用上的。但是我们认为三译中以CLR所译“the following actions”最为可取。

　　原文：第一百三十七条 诉讼时效期间从知道或者应当知道权利被侵害时起计算。但是，从权利被侵害之日起超过二十年的，人民法院不予保护。有特殊情况的，人民法院可以延长诉讼时效期间。

　　译文：Article 137. A limitation of action shall begin when the entitled person knows or should know that his rights have been infringed upon. However, the people's court shall not protect his rights if 20 years have passed since the infringement. Under special circumstances, the people's court may extend the limitation of action. (LAB)

　　Article 137. The period of limitation of actions shall be calculated from the time it was known, or should have been known, that a right was infringed upon. If more than twenty years have passed, however, since the date of the infringement of the right, the People’s Court shall offer no protection. The People’s Court may, under special circumstances, extend the period of limitation of actions. (CCH)

　　Article 137. The period of limitations for bringing an action is calculated from the time when the person whose rights have been infringed knows or should have known [of the infringement]. However, if it has been over twenty years from the day the rights were infringed, the people’s court will not provide protection. Where there are special circumstances, the people’s court may extend the period of limitation for bringing an action. (CLR)

　　述评：（1）本条只是一种法律制度而不是责成义务人承担义务；因此，LAB和CCH所用的“shall”都是不对的，而CLR不用“shall”则是对的。

　　（2）原文所规定的主题既然是“诉讼时效期间”而不仅是“诉效时讼”则译文自须将“期间”以明文译出。因此，CCH与CLR均作“period of limitation(s)”是对的；LAB置“period”于不顾而仅作“limitation”是不合原意的。

　　（3）原文对于“知道或者应当知道”以谁为准未作明文交代，不能不说是立法文字之不足。在这立法原文先天不足的情况下，两个译本均承担起译者的天职，为之supply主体：“the entitled person”（LAB）和“the person whose rights have been infringed”（CLR）要比CCH之不supply任何主体而泰然以被动语态译出为好。只是以上所译的两个主体都不合理想。依笔者之见，似译作“the victim”或“the wronged party”为好。

　　（4）原文“人民法院不予保护”LAB与CCH以“…shall…”译之固然不对；CLR作“the people’s court will not provide protection”似亦不够贴切，建议译作“the people’s court is to provide no protection.”

　　原文：第一百三十八条 超过诉讼时效期间，当事人自愿履行的，不受诉讼时效限制。

　　译文：Article 138. If a party chooses to fulfill obligations voluntarily after the limitation of action has expired, he shall not be subject to the limitation. (LAB)

　　Article 138. If an interested party is willing to perform its obligations after the period of limitation of actions has been exceeded, it shall not be restricted by the limitation of actions. (CCH)

　　Article 138. After the period of limitation for bringing an action has expired, parties who voluntarily perform are not bound by the limitation on bringing an action. (CLR)

　　述评：以译代评如下，请指正：

　　The limitation on bringing an action does not prejudice a party’s voluntary performance after the period of the limitation has elapsed.

　　原文：第一百三十九条 在诉讼时效期间的最后六个月内，因不可抗力或者其他障碍不能行使请求权的，诉讼时效中止。从中止时效的原因消除之日起，诉讼时效期间继续计算。

　　译文：Article 139. A limitation of action shall be suspended during the last six months of the limitation if the plaintiff cannot exercise his right of claim because of force majeure or other obstacles. The limitation shall resume on the day when the grounds for the suspension are eliminated. (LAB)

　　Article 139. If, within the final six months of the period of limitation of actions, the right to request protection of civil rights is unable to be exercised due to reasons of force majeure or other obstacles, the limitation of actions shall be suspended. Calculation of the period of limitation of actions shall continue from the date on which the reason for the suspension of the limitation of actions is eliminated. (CCH)

　　Article 139. During the last six months before the period of limitation for bringing an action [runs], if because of force majeure or other obstacles, the right to request [that an action be brought] cannot be exercised, the [running of the] limitation on bringing an action is suspended. Beginning from the day when the reason for this suspension of the [running of the] limitation on bringing an action is eliminated, the period of limitation on bringing an action continues to run. (CLR)

　　述评：以译代评如下，请指正：

　　 A force majeure or any other obstructive happenstance taking place during the last six months of the period of limitation (on bringing an action) and barring the exercise of a right to claims serves to suspend the running of the period，which resumes on the day when the cause of suspension disappears.

　　法规翻译笔记（1）

　　周建中

　　为了提高法规翻译质量，笔者今后将翻译工作中遇到的问题，提出来请教各位专家。笔者列举加拿大的法规行文，以及国内外英语报刊为依据和参考。但无系统性。只能以随笔形式漫谈讨论。

　　1．列举，可用不定式，原型动词，或动名词。如

　　（动词不定式）

　　Objects （小标题）

　　The following are the objects of a community care access corporation:

　　1. To provide, directly or indirectly, health and related social services and supplies and equipment for the care of persons.

　　2. To provide, directly or indirectly, goods and services to assist relatives, friends and others in the provision of care for such persons.

　　3. To manage the placement of persons into long-term care facilities.

　　4. To provide information to the public about community-based services, long-term care facilities and related health and social services.

　　5. To co-operate with other organizations that have similar objects.

　　（单用原形动词）

　　Other powers

　　The Minister may do any of the following things for the purposes of making decisions under this section:

　　1. Require a corporation listed in the Schedule to give the Minister information, documents or records that are in the custody or under the control of the corporation.

　　2. Require a corporation listed in the Schedule to create a new document or record by compiling existing information.

　　3. Require a corporation listed in the Schedule to update information previously given to the Minister by the corporation.

　　4. Impose a deadline for doing something described in paragraph 1, 2 or 3.

　　（用动名词）

　　Examples, measures for more effective control

　　Some examples of measures that may be ordered under subsection (2) or clause (3) (b) are:

　　1. Confining the dog to its owner's property.

　　2. Restraining the dog by means of a leash.

　　3. Restraining the dog by means of a muzzle.

　　2．标点符号及大小写。

　　Contents of temporary care agreement（小标题）

　　A temporary care agreement shall include:

　　1. A statement by all the parties to the agreement that the child's care and custody are transferred to the society.

　　2. A statement by all the parties to the agreement that the child's placement is voluntary.

　　3. A statement, by the person referred to in subsection (1), that he or she is temporarily unable to care for the child adequately and has discussed with the society alternatives to residential placement of the child.

　　4. An undertaking by the person referred to in subsection (1) to maintain contact with the child and be involved in the child's care.

　　5. If it is not possible for the person referred to in subsection (1) to maintain contact with the child and be involved in the child's care, the person's designation of another named person who is willing to do so.

　　6. The name of the individual who is the primary contact between the society and the person referred to in subsection (1).

　　7. Such other provisions as are prescribed.

　　请注意…shall include: （冒号）后列举的1-7每句第一个字母大写，句末用句号，6和7（最后一句）之间未用AND /OR。但请再看下面两段：

　　Allowing child to loiter, etc.

　　No parent of a child less than sixteen years of age shall permit the child to,

　　(a) loiter in a public place between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m.; or

　　(b) be in a place of public entertainment between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m., unless the parent accompanies the child or authorizes a specified individual eighteen years of age or older to accompany the child.

　　注意：shall permit the child to, （逗号）后 (a) loiter 和(b) be 用小写，句末分号；两句中用OR连接。

　　Contents of notice （处罚通知内容）

　　(5) The notice of an administrative penalty served on the person who is required to pay the penalty shall,

　　(a) contain a description of the contravention or failure to which the notice relates, including, where appropriate, the date and location of the contravention or failure;

　　(b) specify the amount of the penalty determined by the director in accordance with the regulations under subsection (16);

　　(c) give particulars respecting the time for paying the penalty and the manner of payment; and

　　(d) provide information to the person as to the person’s right to require the director who issued the notice to hold a hearing of the matter under subsection (6).

　　注意：shall, （逗号）后 (a) -(d)句首 用小写，句末分号；(c) 和(d)两句中用AND连接。

　　3．政府机关的简称（英语用缩略词acronyms 来表示）

　　上海市人民政府办公厅 简称市府办公厅 The General Office of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government (SMPGGO)

　　上海市人民政府外事办公室简称市外办Foreign Affairs Office of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government (SMPGFAO)

　　上海市人民政府法制办公室简称市政府法制办The Legislative Affairs Office of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government (SMPGLAO)

　　上海市人民政府合作交流办公室简称市合作办 Office for Cooperation and Exchange Affairs of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government (SMPGOCEA)

　　但这样的英语缩略词有6，7 甚至8个字母。很难阅读，反而不是简称了。笔者在阅读中注意到一般缩略词都是3， 4 个 英语字母，5个以上的则大多能拼读。如“COSSARO” means the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario. The Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND)；The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad (BOCOG);

　　也有只选用其中几个首字母，如：the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Department (LGOP); The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)； The Hague Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (HCOC)；The Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties in the South China Sea (DOC)； The ASEA regional Forum (ARF)； the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters (SFDH) （没用 SFCDRH）

　　其他如：the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress(the NPC Standing Committee)；China’s Position on and Suggestion for Ways to Address the Issue of Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS)

　　[译苑撷英]

　　编者按：本栏目本期所选译文皆摘自我室翻译审定稿，仅供大家参考和探讨，并不代表本室的规范性意见。

　　1. 獬豸（xie zhi），中国古代传说中的一种异兽，体形大者如牛，小者如羊，双目明亮有神，额上通常长一角，俗称独角兽。它能辨曲直，见人斗即以角触不直者，闻人争即以口咬不正者。自古以来，獬豸被认为是公平正义之象征。

　　This is a “xie zhi” （獬豸） which in ancient Chinese folklore is a mythical animal comparable to the unicorn in Western culture. With two sharp bright eyes and a horn projecting from its forehead, it could be as big as a bull or could be the size of a ram. In Chinese culture, it is said to be highly discriminating, able to know who is right and who is wrong in a dispute or who is justified and who is not in a fight and ready to bite or ram the party that should be punished. For this reason, “xie zhi” has since ancient times been regarded as a symbol of justice and impartiality.

　　2. 青岛市城市市容和环境卫生管理办法

　　第二章　市容管理

　　第九条　各种建筑物、构筑物和其他设施以及公共场所，必须符合国家规定的城市容貌标准和本市城市规划、市容管理的规定。

　　第十条　各种建筑物、构筑物以及临街门面，产权人、使用人或者其他责任人，必须负责定期清洗、粉刷和整饰，保持其整洁、完好、美观。

　　第十一条　主干道两侧及主干道临街建筑物的未封闭阳台、窗外、屋顶、平台不得悬挂、晾晒、摆放有碍市容观瞻的物品。

　　第十二条　临街建筑物安装空调室外机、排气扇、广告灯箱等悬挂物不得妨碍行人通行。

　　空调室外机、排气扇、广告灯箱等悬挂物的支架等应当使用耐腐蚀材料，已腐蚀的，必须及时更换。

　　第十三条　主要干道和风景名胜区的道路两侧临街建筑物需要设置隔离设施的，应当采用透景墙或者绿篱、花坛、栅栏等作为隔离设施，高度不得超过一点五米，其造型、色调应当与周围环境相协调。

　　第十四条　临街设置遮阳篷帐，应当做到整齐、清洁、美观，不得妨碍行道树养护和行人通行。

　　第十五条　任何单位和个人不得擅自占用道路和广场等公共场地堆放物料、搭建建筑物等；因建设需要占用的，必须按规定办理有关占用手续，并不得超出批准的占用范围和期限。

　　Chapter II Management of Urban Environment

　　Article 10

　　All buildings, structures and shop fronts shall be cleaned, whitewashed and renovated on a regular basis by their owners, users or other responsible persons, so that they will remain clean, tidy, in good repair and pleasant to look at.

　　Article 11

　　No laundry or other articles shall be hung or aired, and nothing that impairs urban landscape shall be placed, in open balconies, out of windows, on the rooftops and platforms of buildings that line the main streets.

　　Article 12

　　The outdoor components of air-conditioners, ventilating fans and advertising light display boxes that are placed along the streets shall not obstruct the free passage of passers-by.

　　The supporting frames of the outdoor components of air-conditioners, ventilating fans and advertising light display boxes shall be made of erosion-resistant materials, and those eroded shall be replaced timely.

　　Article 13

　　When it is necessary to erect partitions for buildings facing the city’s main streets or the roads of scenic spots, such partitions shall be in the form of transparent walls, hedgerows, flower terraces, railings, etc., which shall be no more than 1.5 meters in height and in shapes and colors in harmony with their surroundings.

　　Article 14

　　Canopies erected along the streets shall be tidy, clean and pleasant to look at, and shall not obstruct the street tree maintenance operations and the free passage of passers-by.

　　Article 15

　　No unit or individual shall be allowed to occupy and make unauthorized use of roads, plazas and other public areas for storing things or erecting buildings. When it is necessary to make use of such areas for construction purposes, necessary procedures for approval shall be completed in accordance with relevant provisions, and relevant stipulations specified in such approval regarding the scope and term of use shall be followed.

　　本期责任编辑：陈小雁