法规翻译 2005第3期
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上海市行政法制研究所译审外事室 (总第24期) 2005年 9月 20日出版 [译文规范] 1. 关于“《中华人民共和国行政许可法》”翻译的统一 在法规、规章和规范性文件的翻译中,经常会遇到“《中华人民共和国行政许可法》”的翻译,现决定统一为:“Administrative License Law of the People’s Republic of China”。 2. “‘科教兴市’主战略”翻译的统一 在规范性文件的翻译中, 经常遇到“‘科教兴市’主战略”的翻译,常见的译文有:the main strategy of “revitalizing the city by science and technology”、 the main strategy of “developing the city with science and education”、 the main strategy of “revitalizing the city through science and education”、the main strategy of “prospering the city through science and technology”、 the overmatching strategy of revitalizing the city through science and education、the main strategy of reinvigorating the city with science and technology 等,现决定统一为:the main strategy of “reinvigorating the city through science and education”。 3. “‘走出去’战略”翻译的统一 在规范性文件的翻译中,经常遇到“‘走出去’战略”的翻译,常见的译文有:the “Go International” strategy、the “Go out” strategy、the “Go Globe” strategy、a “go globe” strategy、the strategy of going out 等,现根据温家宝总理2005年3月5日在第十届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上所做的《政府工作报告》译文,决定将之统一为:a “go globe” strategy。 [专家论坛] 本栏目专门刊登专家的翻译心得、体会及研究成果,旨在为法规、规章以及规范性文件翻译的研究提供一个相互交流、探讨的园地。 本栏目热忱欢迎各位专家的来稿,稿酬从优。 说说五大权威法学刊物的小小瑕疵 陈忠诚 时下法学学刊(报)之通病或曰小小的瑕疵罢,犹宝宝身上的虱子,一旦多了就不痒了。偶然有读者不识时务竟提出讨论,亦不屑一登或不屑一读,故错误依然,琳琅满目,眼球不暇接。其故安在? 问题在于:一些公认为权威的法学刊物没有带好头!否则,人们怎么会说:榜样的力量是无穷的呢。据初步认定,凡在刊物名称之上冠以“中国”或“人民”等字样者,必属权威刊物无疑。所以本文所说的五大刊物非别,即《中国法律》、《人民司法》、《中国司法》及《最高人民法院公报》和《人民检察》五者而言。所涉及的问题大概在有些人看来,是不值一提、不足挂齿的吧――即:法学文章篇目英译之瑕疵。兹以各该法学期刊为单位,逐一作抽样调查并分述如次: 一、《中国法律》 时间如白驹过隙,《中国法律》(香港出版,但有驻京办事处)资格最老,出版已愈十载:其权威性是应无庸置疑的吧。这回抽样调查的对象,乃该刊2005年2月号是也。 首先扑面而来映入眼帘的,便是“本刊专稿”,译作“China Law Express”(意即“本刊快件”),自非正译。应更正为“China Law Specials”(作复数,以该刊之“特稿”不止一篇也)。 其次吸引我眼球的,是该刊第11页上的那篇“中国法治视野中的法律监督”,竟被译成了“Legal Supervision in View of Rule of Law”。瞧,汉语原文中的“中国”在英译中影踪全无,给蒸发了!至于“in View of ”易滋歧义,故不如改“View”为“Perspective”较好。 再就是“中国劳动教养人员的权利保障体系”之英译作“System for Guaranteeing Rights of Persons under Reeducation through Labor”。奇哉怪也!这“through”何以另眼相看,以小写敷衍了事?!必须大写作“Through”才是。 “香港之窗”竟被译作“Window of Hong Kong”――翻译而译反了!自应还译为“Window on Hong Kong”。须知:“Window of Hong Kong”是由香港往外看的那扇窗;而“Window on Hong Kong”则是人们对着那扇窗看进去,看香港的种种。“文革”后期有位美籍女教师回国后写了一本介绍上海风物的书,名曰“Window on Shanghai”而不是“Window of Shanghai”! 却说这一栏目有如下英语篇目――又错了: New Opportunities for Strengthening Business Cooperation between [?!] Lawyers of Mainland and Hong Kong under CEPA 嘿!”between”何以草草以小写了事?该大写为”Between”才是――它是由7个字母才拼成的呢。 紧接着,就是“《电子签名法》对商业银行带来的机遇与挑战”。其英译却是: “Opportunities and Challenges Brought to Commercial Banks by Electronic Signature Law” 瞧,原文中的“《……》”又给译丢了:自应补上,作:Electronic Signature Law。 又一栏目,汉语为“案例选登”,而英语竟译作“Landmark Cases”,似过陈其词――如能实词求是当不致此。应改译为“Selected Cases”始能恰如其分。 最后,尚有一则: 中国律师在企业境外上市业务服务的几个问题 Issues concerning Chinese Lawyers Providing Enterprises Overseas Listing Services 其中英语”concerning”有10个字母拼写而成的,竟予小写了事,乃见所未见。有关译者太缺乏常识了。 二、《人民司法》 这种冠以“人民”的法学刊物,不言而喻系权威刊物。然据2005年抽样其中的三期所得,则其篇名之误译,亦不乏其例: 1. 死刑司法限制的刑事政策及其要求 Criminal Policy and its Requirement Regarding the Restriction on Death Penalty ――《人民司法》,2005/2 按:“its”应该大写而被小写,足见其缺乏常识。 2. 道路交通事故损害赔偿案件中若干法律问题探析 Analysis on Several Problems about the Trial of Cases concerning Damages Caused by Traffic Accident ――《人民司法》,2005/4 按:“concerning”误作小写。这个常识性错误已见于上文“《中国律师》”之最后一例――难道这两种权威法律刊物之这一种错误亦英雄所见略同欤?! 3. 被告作为无过错方提出离婚损害赔偿的请求不构成反诉 Claims for Damages by the Innocent Defendant in Divorce Litigation should not be Counterclaimed ――《人民司法》,2005/1 按:“should not be ”应大写为“Should Not Be”! 4. 《关于人民法院民事执行中拍卖、变卖财产的规定》的理解与适用 To Comprehend and Apply “The Provision on the Public Auction and Selling off the Attached Properties in Civil Execution Procedures” ――《人民司法》,2005/2 按:此“off”乃实词,因何小写?应予大写! 5. 争做时代先锋 Striving to be the Pioneer of the Present Age ――《人民司法》,2005/2 按:“be”因何小写?!应予大写! 6. 该案被告人的行为应属违反财经纪律 The Conduct of the Defendant Should be Determined as Violating Financial and Economic Discipline ――《人民司法》,2005/3 按:“should be”应予大写而小写之误,《人民司法》这一权威刊物犯了(见例3及例5)又犯,如之何! 7. 国际法院――成就与挑战 The International Court of Justice――Accomplishment and Challenge ――《人民司法》,2005/4 按:噫嘻!国际法院的成就与挑战何止一项?!自应更正为:”Accomplishments and Challenges” 8. 公司法修改的若干理论问题 Several Theoretical Issues Involving the Revision of Company Law ――《人民司法》,2005/4 按:标题行文贵简赅,“Involving”不如”on” 简赅。 9.变更、追加执行主体的三个问题 Three Questions on Altering and Adding Subjects of Execution ――《人民司法》,2005/4 按:此“问题”非那“问题”!通读原文全文,压根没有任何“questions”; “problems”倒有三个,故“questions”乃“problems”之误! 10. 已核准死囚犯应享有的实体权利 On Subjective Rights Enjoyed by Convict Sentenced to Death Authorized ――《人民司法》,2005/4 按:(1)“Convict”应更正为“a Convict”或“Convicts”; (2)“Convict Sentenced to Death”宜作“Capital Convicts”; (3)“Enjoyed”系“Should Be Enjoyed”之误; 据此,此译义可整合为: On Substantive Rights Which Should Be Enjoyed by Capital Convicts Made Final 11. 试论离婚案件中按揭房屋的处理 Trial Research on Handling in Mortgage in Hearing Divorce Cases ――《人民司法》,2005/4 其弊在于:以冗词译原文之所无。应更正为: Tentatively on How to Deal with the Housing under Mortgage in Divorce Cases 12. 出租物的瑕疵、租赁合同的解除及合同解除的溯及力 The Defect of Rental and Dissolution of Contract for Lease as well as its Retroaction ――《人民司法》,2005/4 按:此译之病,除常犯错误“its”应大写而小写这一陋习外,尚在于拖沓:”and”可代之以逗号而”as well as”可以”and”代之――The Defect of Rental, Dissolution of Lease Contract, and Its Retroaction. 三、《中国司法》 不言而喻,《中国司法》冠有“中国”两个大字亦权威刊物也。去年的不说了,姑拿手头的2005年1、3两期作抽样调查吧,亦可见其一斑: 1. 新年祝词 Congratulatory Message for the New Year ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:宜作“New Year Message”,以其既符合语言习惯,又简单明了也。 2. 本刊特稿 Focus of This Issue ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:“本刊”竟被误译为“本期”!“特稿”之含义亦与“Focus”有广狭之别,岂可等量齐观!作“Specials”一言以译之――庶几近之乎? 3. 整体推进依法治市工作,实施城市区域三个文明协调发展 Promoting Ruling the City According to Law in an Overall Manner, and Realizing the Harmonious Development of Three Civilizations in Urban Area ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:译者有所不知:“According to”乃复合介词,即浑然一个整体,故务必作“According To”! 又“Urban Area”――“城市区域” 不可能有两个以上吗? 4.权威人士访谈 Interviews with Authorities ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:查与事实不符:译文作“Interviews”而事实上只作了一次(一篇)访谈! 5.部颁规章解读 Interpretation of Regulations Enacted by the Ministry of Justice ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:(1)部颁(而不是立法机关颁),英语中“部”是没有适格使用“enact”此词的吧; (2)“解读”这个作者笔下的“热门词”,却是译者不会确译的,多以“interpret”来应付。其实,“interpret”虽不远,亦不中也。而且作者明明知道“解释”此词而偏要用“解读”,其用心良苦。译者怎能辜负作者的这番苦心呢?(答案且听下回分解,让译者多一个机会也)。 6.司法鉴定的定义和属性探讨 Probing into the Definition and Character of Judicial Forensics ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:一般作“Forensics”即可。 7.劳教制度 Reeducation-through-Labor System 按:“through”亦应大写! 8.关于武汉律师业制约因素及其对策的几点思考 Reflection on the Restrictive Elements of the Legal Profession in Wuhan and its Countermeasures ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:(1)“几点思考”作“Reflection”而“思考”(“关于我国高层次司法警官培养模式的思考”)反而作“Reflections”――见同期034页。同一期内,而此译彼忘者不鲜。应以此为训! (2)“its”应大写为“Its”。 此错误犯了有几多遍了?! 9. 论社区矫正中的危险控制 On Jeopardy Control in Community Correction ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:(1)“Jeopardy”不切,应作“danger”(social danger/socially dangerous),与“jeopardy”异趣(如”double jeopardy”) (2)“correction”一般多作“corrections” 10. 滋生司法腐败的社会生态环境分析 An Analysis to the Social Ecological Environment for Cultivating Judicial Corruption ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:与其用介词“to”,不如用“of” 11. 从一起失误的公证行政复议决定谈起 On An Erroneous Administrative Reconsideration Decision Relating to A Public Notary Case ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:(1)原意是“谈起”而译文竟是“谈”:“On”! (2)不定冠词(An/A)在标题中不处于首位而竟大写――见所未见!身为权威刊物,竟如此有失检点,如何为一般法学刊物之楷模?! 12. 独有偶,原意在译文中蒸发了的,还有呢。请看: 来稿摘登 Collection of Articles ――《中国司法》2005/1 按:经此一译,原文“来稿摘登”中的“摘”在译文中又一次蒸发掉了,剩下的只有“Collection of Articles”即“来稿登”了! 执笔至此,深感耄耋之身已不堪此重任。奈上文已作下承诺,自得信守诺言。故勉为其难,就权威法学刊物《中国司法》第3期,试就其质量问题作抽样调查: 13. 固定栏目“来稿摘登”仍误译为 Collection of Articles ――《中国司法》2005/3 原文为“来稿摘登”而译文还原却只剩下“来稿登”了! 14. 本刊专稿 Special Articles of This Issue ――《中国司法》2005/3 按:其弊略同于《中国司法》2005/1――“本刊”与“本期”混为一译了! 15. 我国司法鉴定管理体制的现状及改革思路 The Current Situation And Reform Proposals to the Administrative System of Judicial Expertise ――《中国司法》2005/3 按:(1)“司法鉴定”作“Judicial Expertise”,其弊与《中国司法》2005/1如出一辙; (2)“And”在标题翻译中作大写――违反常识! 16. 劳教制度 Reeducation-through-Labor ――《中国司法》2005/3 按:此错(标题英译中”through”竟然小写了之)一犯(《中国司法》,2005/1)再犯(《中国司法》,2005/3),而仍不思改正,殊可叹息。犯错谁也难免;知过必更,善莫大焉。这是对各刊之普遍要求――矧权威刊物乎! 17.和谐社会的法治隐喻 Implication of the Rule of law In A Harmonious Society ――《中国司法》2005/3 按:该期该刊可谓反其道而行之焉:在标题中,“law”该大写而小写了,而“In A”须小写的偏偏又大写了! 18.移植与创新 Transplantation And Innovation ――《中国司法》2005/3 按:详下例“按”。 19.试析社区矫正现状及发展方向 Tentative Analysis to the Current Situation And Developing Trend of Community Correction ――《中国司法》2005/3 按:(1)18/19两例中老毛病又犯了:“And”一再大写;而“Analysis”一般是跟“of”而不是跟“to”的呀。 (2)多作“Corrections”。 20.我国公益诉讼的困境与出路 The Dilemma and Way out for China’s Public Benefit Litigation ――《中国司法》2005/3 按:“out”乃实词,何小写之有?!犹“I”在标题中出现时,虽仅一个字母,因系实词,亦须大写。 四、《中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报》之标题英译 应毋庸疑,《中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报》亦权威法律刊物也。其标题英译自不能视之等闲: 1.关于《中华人民共和国刑法》有关信用卡规定的解释 Interpretation on the Regulations concerning Credit Cards in the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/I 按:(1)“concerning”在标题大小写通行规则中绝不小写之理――务必大写为“Concerning”; (2)法律名称汉语用书名号(《……》)标出者,英语译文须以斜体表示。 2.任免最高人民法院审判人员名单 Name List of Judges of Supreme People’s Court Appointed or Removed ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/I 按:查最高院的“法官”没有一名是称作“Judge”的!都称“Justice”。这是最起码的常识! 3.关于依据原告起诉时提供的被告住址无法送达应如何处理问题 Reply on How to Handle the Situation that Judicial Documents Could not be Served on a Defendant’s Address Provided by the Plaintiff When Instituting the Suit ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/I 按:“not be”应大写为“Not Be”! 4.关于审理出口退税托管帐户质押贷款案件有关问题的规定 Regulation on the Issues Related to Trail of Mortgage Loan Cases Concerning Export Tax Refund Trust Account ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/I 按:旁的姑且不说,有一点是有目共睹的:“Trail”系“Trial”之误。 5.关于侵犯知识产权刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释 Interpretation on Several Issues of Concrete Application of Law in handling Criminal Cases of Infringing Intellectual Property Rights ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/I 按:“handling”因何小写而不大写呢? 6.关于依法严厉打击集资诈骗和非法吸收公众存款犯罪活动的通知 Notification on Strictly Cracking Down the Crimes of Fraud in Financing and Illegal Absorbing Public Deposits According to Law ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/I 按:(1)处于同样的语境下,而“Cracking Down”用副词“Strictly”修饰,但“Absorbing”却用“Illegal”(形容词)去修饰――其故安在? (2)“Notification”后用“of”比“on”更为直接(特别是只用其一时); (3)动词短语“cracking down”之后必须通过“on”方能使用宾语; (4)在具体上下文中用“public”不无引起歧义之虞,与其用“public”不如用“private”哩; (5)“According to”是一整个介词;既然如此,怎么能一部分大写、一部分小写呢。此处,须作“According To”!由上可见,“Accord to”是权威法学刊物之通病、多发病。 7.实施《关于以法院专递方式邮寄送达民事诉讼文书的若干规定》的通知 Notification on the Implementation of Regulation on Mail or Service of Civil Litigation Documents by means of Court Special Mail ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/I 按:此处只讨论一个问题,因为至此尚未提到过:“regulation”作“规定”解时一般用复数“regulations”。 8.关于集中清理拖欠工程款和农民工工资案件的紧急通知 Urgent Notification on Centralized Clearing Up the Cases Related to the Arrears with Project Funds and Peasants Workers’ Wages ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/II 按:(1)“on”以改作“of”为好; (2)“Centralized”以改作“Concentrated”更为贴切; (3)“Arrears”宜改作后置定语“in Arrears”为是; (4)“农民工”非“Peasants workers’”而系“Peasants Workers”。 9.关于开展集中打击赌博违法犯罪活动专项行动有关工作的通知 Notification on Conducting the Special Action of Centralized Cracking Down Illegal and Criminal Activities of Gambling ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/II 按:(1)“Gambling Activities”,后者为冗词。既然说到“Gambling”当然内含着“activities”了――不言而喻; (2)“Cracking Down” 如前所述,应作“Cracking Down on”; (3)“Centralized”如前所述,应作“Concentrated”; (4)“Special Action”易滋生歧义(“特殊诉讼”); (5)综上所述,试改译如下,请指正: Notification of Conducting the Concentrated Cracking Down ad Hoc on Illegal or Criminal Gamblings 10.金华市人民检察院诉胡祥祯诈骗案 Jinhua Municipal People’s Procuratorate v. Hu Xiangzhen ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/II 按:首先,“金华市”非直辖市,按汉语nomenclature之英译习惯,不能称“Municipal(ity)”。只有直辖市才有资格称“Municipal(ity)”。其次,按英语习惯,则“municipal(ity)”又未必是“市”,可能是市以下的行政单位,如“镇”。 11.淄博市人民检察院诉杨保营等人抢劫、绑架、寻衅滋事案 Zibo Municipal People Procuratorate v. Yang Baoying and Others… ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/II 按:(1)“Municipal”应更正为“City”; (2)“and others”在标题中宜作“et Al”;特别是在本文的语境中(案名)。 12.关于对与证券交易所监管职能相关的诉讼案件管辖与受理问题的规定 Regulation on Jurisdiction and Acceptance of Court Cases Related to Supervision and Management Functions of Security Exchange ――《最高人民法院公报》,2005/II 按:只谈迄未谈过的新话题:“Security”无论如何不作“证券”,只作“安全”或“担保”解。至于“证券”必须用复数“Securities”――“证交所”不是“Security exchange”,而是“Securities exchange”!切记,切记。 五、《人民检察》 《人民检察》刊名下有明文标明:“最高人民检察院机关刊物”。其为权威法学刊物是再也清楚不过的了。就开起中药铺,一、二、三地数起来吧: 1.外资公司利用借贷资本注册,后又抽回资金如何定性 How to Define the Act that Foreign-capital Enterprises Register with Loaned Capital and Withdraw them afterwards ――《人民检察》,2005/1 按:末两词“them afterwards”应大写而惨遭小写,足证该刊缺乏标题大小写的起码常识。 2.司法体制改革中强化检察机关法律监督职能的构想 Conception about Enhancing the Procuratorate’s Function of Legal Supervision in the Reform of Judicial System ――《人民检察》,2005/2 按:关键错误在于介词“about”,应更正为“on”:前者只是“沾边”就行;而“on”则要求击中要害,光打打边鼓(about)是不行的。 3.论我国特殊累犯制度存在的问题及其改进 On the Problems Existed in the System of Special Recidivist in Our Country and its improvement ――《人民检察》,2005/3 按:(1)如前所述,译者只知“recidivist”即“累犯”而不识“recidivism”即“累犯制度”,故不厌其烦,只得以“System of … Recidivist”译之――浪费笔墨! (2)“Existed”不通之极――因已成过去了。自应作“existing”――表示现在仍继续其存在也。 (3)至于“its”与“improvement”――常识性错误又犯了。此两词均应大写为“Its Improvement”。 4.对未成年被告人不应判处无期徒刑 The Juvenile Offender Shouldn’t be Sentenced to Life Imprisonment ――《人民检察》,2005/4 按:(1)“Be”竟作小写,万万不可;以其违反标题大小写规则也。 (2)“Shouldn’t be”软弱无力,而法律语言一般必须鲜明有力;故“Shouldn’t be”应改为“Should not be”(在一定语境下为“No…may be”)为当。 (3)“无期徒刑”可简作“Life”。 据此,拟将全句改为: No Juvenile Offenders May Be Sentenced to Life. 5.试论非法行医罪的立法完善 A Try on Legislative Improvement about the Crime of Illegal Medical Practice ――《人民检察》,2005/3 按:译文与原文有距离: 原文是较高的要求――“完善”即“Perfection”;而译文则是较低的要求:“改良”即“Improvement”. 原来要试的是“论”――试着论论而已;而译文则是要试着作“立法改良”的呀。 以上对五家权威法学期刊标题英译之抽样调查,有一定的偶然性,然偶然中亦有必然在。五种权威刊物有错,在现阶段也是必然的。一般刊物固要向权威刊物学习,权威刊物也得向一般刊物学习。三人行必有我师,目前非权威刊物要比权威刊物多得多,所以学习的机会也比较多。总之不分彼此,互相学习,共同提高吧。 当然,我们对权威刊物的期望值更高。敬祝进步! [译苑撷英] 编者按:本栏目本期所选译文皆摘自我室的翻译审定稿,仅供大家参考和探讨,并不代表本室的规范性意见。 1. 以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,以提高本市食品安全保障水平、确保市民饮食卫生安全为目标,坚持“以人为本、和谐发展”的理念和“标本兼治、着力治本”的方针,采取“立足当前、重点突破”的策略,按照“综合性、专业化、成体系”的监管要求,继续通过“堵源头、端窝点、严准入、强监管”的办法,坚决遏制制售假冒伪劣食品等违法行为,最大限度地预防、减轻和消除食品安全危害与风险,防止重特大食品安全事件发生。 Taking the important thought of “Three Represents” as guide and raise of the level of the guarantee of foodstuff safety in this Municipality and the ensuring of food and drink hygiene safety for all citizens as target, by adhering to the idea of “being man-centered and developing harmoniously” and the guiding principle of “seeking both a temporary solution and a permanent effect, with the emphasis on the latter”, through adopting the countermeasure of “being based on the present and breaking through at key points”, in accordance with the supervision and management requirement of “being comprehensive, specialized and systematized” and continuously through the measure of “blocking the source, getting rid of the dens, being strict in admission and strengthening supervision and management”, the illegal acts of manufacturing and selling counterfeit and shoddy food, etc. shall be resolutely restrained, and either harm or hazard of foodstuff safety shall be prevented, reduced and eliminated to the greatest extent to avoid the occurrence of major and worst events related to foodstuff safety. 2. 要按照“四个进一步加大”(进一步加大电力供应能力,进一步加大节电节能工作力度,进一步加大对“两高一低”企业的淘汰力度,进一步加大轮休力度)和“不同时段、不同方案,不同情况、不同对策”的要求,从可能出现的最严峻情况去考虑,从对社会各方影响最小的方面去努力编制好电力错避峰预案。同时,要加强价格杠杆调节,深化电力需求侧管理,努力缓解电力供求矛盾。 In accordance with the requirements of the “Four Further Boosts” (further boost the supply capacity of power, further boost the saving of power and energy, further boost the eliminating of enterprises with “two highs and one low”, and further boost the staggering of holidays) and “different schemes for different time intervals, and different countermeasures for different situations”, a pre-determined scheme for avoiding and staggering the power consumption peak shall, for the consideration of most severe situation that may possibly happen and with the efforts to leave least impact on all sectors of society, be formulated. Meanwhile, the regulation of price lever shall be strengthened, the Demand Side Management (DSM) shall be further intensified, and great efforts shall be made to lessen the contradiction of power supply and demand. 3. 坚持自查自纠与上级检查相结合,普遍检查与重点抽查相结合,经常性检查与阶段性检查相结合。要注意到问题突出、群众反映大的地方去检查。对发现的问题,要提出明确的处理意见,落实责任单位,实行限期整改。要严肃查办违法违纪案件,按照有关规定追究直接责任人和有关领导的责任。 It is imperative to adhere to the combination of self-check with the inspection by the superior department, the combination of general inspection with selective key inspection, and the combination of regular inspection with periodical inspection. Attention shall be laid to carrying out the inspection in the place where there are outstanding problems and grave complaints from the masses. For the problems found, clear handling suggestions shall be put forward, the responsible units be determined, and rectification be conducted within the prescribed time limit. The cases involved in violation of laws and discipline shall be severely investigated and handled, and the responsibility of the directly responsible persons and related leaders shall be investigated according to relevant regulations. 4.民办学校举办者应当及时、足额履行出资义务,办学出资需办理验资、过户等手续。举办者的资产应当与投入学校的资产相分离。民办学校对举办者投入民办学校的资产、国有资产、受赠的财产以及办学积累,享有法人财产权。民办学校存续期间,所有资产由民办学校依法管理和使用,任何组织和个人不得侵占、挪用。 The sponsor of a privately-run school shall fulfill his/her obligation to provide capital in time and in full, and the provision of capital to run the school shall go through the formalities of check-up of capital and transfer of ownership. The assets of the sponsor shall be separated from that of the school in which he/she has inputted capital. A privately-run school has the property right as a legal person over the assets in which the sponsor has inputted capital, state-owned assets, donated property and the accumulated assets through school running. In the existence period of a privately-run school, all the assets shall be managed and used by the privately-run school according to law, and shall not be seized illegally or diverted for other purpose by any organization or individual person. 5. 被征信企业对征信机构采集的企业信用信息有异议,并提供相关依据的,征信机构应当进行核实,发现采集的信息确有错误的,应当立即纠正;查证后确实无误的,应当告知被征信企业;难以查证的,应当根据客观原则进行审慎处理。 A credit-information-collecting agency shall, when the enterprise whose credit standing is collected disagrees on the information relating to its credit standing and provides relevant material, conduct a verification; in case that the information collected is really wrong, a correction shall be made without delay; in case that the information is correct, the enterprise whose credit standing is collected shall be notified; in case that the verification is difficult to conduct, the credit-information-collecting agency shall handle cautiously in accordance with the principle of objectiveness. |
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